1801

April, Governor King orders Aborigines gathering around Parramatta, Georges River and Prospect Hill "to be driven back from the settler's habitation by firing at them".

1802

June 30, Proclamation stating: "His Majesty forbids any act of injustice or wanton cruelty to the Natives, yet the settler is not to suffer his property to be invaded or his existence endangered by them, in preserving which he is to use the effectual, but at the same time the most humane, means of resisting such attacks".

Shortly after this Pemulwuy is shot by two settlers. Tedbury continues the resistance.

1803

Settlements established near present-day Melbourne at Port Phillip and in Tasmania at Risdon, on the Derwent River by Governor King. The settlement at Port Phillip is abandoned.

1804

Colonists are authorised by Lt. Moore to shoot 50 Aborigines at Risdon Cove in response to Aboriginal resistance. Hostilities increase - the slaughter of Aborigines in Van Diemen's Land has begun.

1804

Most of the Cumberland Plain west of Sydney is occupied by colonists. The Darug people are being dispossessed of their land.

1805

Aborigines trying to defend their land, kill colonists. A Government order on 19 April directed Captain William Bligh to send soldiers "for their [colonists] protection against those uncivilised insurgents".

20 July the colony's Judge-Advocate, Richard Atkins when referring to whether or not Aborigines could be witnesses or criminals before a court stated that Aborigines "are at present incapable of being brought before a criminal court - and that the only mode at present when they deserve it, is to pursue them and inflict such punishment as they merit".

1810

Tedbury is wounded but there are no records of what happened to him.

1813

Colonists, assisted by Aboriginal people, cross the Blue Mountains. Create new hostilities as they pass through Aboriginal lands.

1814

The establishment of a "Native institution at Parramatta" by Governor Macquarie to "civilise, educate and foster habits of industry and decency in the Aborigines". An annual 'feast' is also begun to reunite parents with children, who have been separated from their parents to attend the institution.

1815

Remnants of the Broken Bay Aboriginal people are established on a reserve at George's Head.

1816

Attacks on farms by Aboriginal people on the edge of Sydney. Macquarie sends Captain James Wallis with three detachments of the 76th Regiment to arrest 'offenders'. They attack a camp near Appin at night and at least 14 Aborigines are killed including Carnabyagal.

4 May Macquarie announces a set of regulations controlling the free movement of Aboriginal people. No Aboriginal person is to appear armed within a mile of any settlement and no more than six Aboriginal people are allowed to 'lurk or loiter near farms'.

Passports or certificates are issued to Aboriginal people "who conduct themselves in a suitable manner", to show they are officially accepted by Europeans.

Five areas are set aside by Macquarie as agriculture reserves for the settlement of Aboriginal people from the Sydney area. The Aboriginal people who settle on these lands are given seed, tools, stores and clothes for six months. Convicts are assigned to help with cultivation of crops.

1819

Between 1891 and 1820 there was rapid expansion of the colony into present day Queensland. A penal settlement set up a Redcliffe but moved to present day Brisbane three months later.

Colonists spread west of the Blue Mountains and establish stations.

There are a number of large scale killings as conflict over dispossession of land and erosion of hunting rights continue.

1820’s

Rapid spread of settlement west and, consequently, dispossession of Indigenous people.

1824

'Saturday' leads Aboriginal resistance in the Bathurst area.

Martial law is proclaimed in the Bathurst area when seven Europeans are killed by Aboriginal people and conflict with Aborigines is seen as a serious threat. Soldiers, mounted police, settlers and stockmen carry out numerous attacks on Aboriginal people. As many as 100 Aboriginal people are killed. Martial law stops in December.

A Mission is established at Lake Macquarie, north of Sydney.

1829

A colony is set up in Perth, on the south-west coast of Australia.

1830

Beginning of the ‘Black Wars’ in Tasmania. Governor Arthur tries unsuccessfully to drive all the remaining Aboriginal people in eastern Van Diemen's land on to the Tasman Peninsula. 2 200 men form a 'Black Line'. It cost 5000 pounds but only two people were caught - an old man and a young boy.

1834

The ‘Battle of Pinjarra’ or ‘Pinjarra massacre’ - Governor Stirling leads a party of men to attack 80 Aboriginal people, in retaliation for the death of a settler. One non-Aboriginal man and many Aborigines are killed. Official reports say that 14 Aborigines were killed but Aboriginal accounts suggest a whole clan was decimated in the attack – men, women and children.

1835

John Batman attempts to make a 'treaty' with Aboriginal people for Port Phillip Bay, near present day Melbourne – blankets and goods for 250,000 hectares of land. Governor Bourke does not recognise the 'treaty' and the purchase is voided. No other treaties were made in Australia. (Australia is the only British colony to have made no treaties with Indigenous people.)

The Dunghutti people of north coast NSW are now confined to 40 hectares of land on the Bellwood Reserve, near present day Kempsey. They previously owned 250 000 hectares. (This story is repeated around Australia over the next 100 years.)

George Augustus Robinson, (who sees himself as a protector of Aborigines), works to convince the last Aborigines on Van Diemen's Land to move to a settlement on Flinders Island. After most Aborigines have died from various diseases the protectorate is abandoned in December 1849.

1836

Port Phillip District established. Colony of South Australia is founded.

1836

In 1836- 1837 there was a select committee of the British House of Commons said that Aborigines had a "plain right and sacred right" to their land. ‘Protection’ of Aborigines against killings and exploitation was advocated.

1838

This was a time of significant killings in NSW and Victoria. Some examples include:

• Mounted police, mostly European volunteers, led by Major Nunn, set out in response to conflict on the Liverpool Plains, north central NSW. At Vinegar Hill, a site on 'Slaughterhouse Creek', 60 - 70 Aborigines are reported killed.
• "Faithful Massacre" at Owens Creek, Victoria. Ten Europeans travelling south from NSW with G. P. Faithful, are killed by Aboriginal people.
• 'The Bushwack' or 'The Drive', against Aborigines, is initiated by squatters and their stockmen to clear the Myall Creek area, near present day Inverell, NSW.
• On 10 June, the 'Myall Creek Massacre' occurs. 12 heavily armed colonists rounded up and brutally kill 28 Aborigines from a group of 40 or 50 people gathered at Henry Dangar's Station, at Myall Creek. The massacre was believed to be a payback for the killing of several hut keepers and two shepherds. But most of those killed were women and children and good relations existed between the Aboriginal people and European occupants of the station. In November, 11 Europeans are charged with murder but are acquitted. A new trial is held and seven men are charged with murder of one Aboriginal child. They are found guilty and hanged in December. This unusual sentence against non-Indigenous people made it an extremely famous event.
• Competition between Aborigines and colonists develops for water on Bogan River, west of present day Dubbo. Seven Europeans and their overseer are killed on William Fee's outstation. Border Police formed after the Myall Creek Massacre, arrive from Bathurst and almost all men of the group involved are killed.
• Reports of poisoning of Aborigines on 'Tarrone' near Port Fairy, West Melbourne and 'Kilcoy' north-west Moreton Bay. Flour is poisoned and left in shepherds' huts on 'Kilcoy' in the expectation that Aborigines now dispossessed of hunting ground would take it.

These examples represent a small number of the many many deaths that occurred in Australian between 1788 and 1930.

Rottnest Island (off the coast of Perth) was developed as a prison - solely for the incarceration of Aboriginal men from regions throughout the State. A total of 3,700 men and boys were imprisoned there between 1838 and 1931 for offences like spearing livestock, burning the bush or digging vegetables. Over 300 died there.

1842

Governor Bourke of NSW ordered the establishment of the Native Police, in the Port Phillip district. They are trained to disperse groups of Aborigines. This force is disbanded in 1853.

Native Police forces operated punitive expeditions and attacked and killed many station Aborigines. The force was lead by European officers. The force played a significant role in later years, in 'settling' hostilities in the Macleay and Clarence River regions of NSW. Native Police were used extensively against Aborigines in Queensland. They were later disbanded and replaced by civil police, following increasing concern within non-Aboriginal communities concerning the forces' activities. The force was finally disbanded in Queensland in 1897.

1843

A number of squatters abandon their stations because of continued resistance of Aboriginal people in defence of their land which includes attacks on properties.

1848

The Board of National Education, established in NSW states "It is impractical to provide any form of education for the children of blacks".

1849

Land Commissioner McDonald reported widespread food shortages among Aborigines in the Murray District after their displacement by pastoralists who took their land for sheep stations.

1851

The Colony of Victoria established.

1857

The Jiman people kill 11 Europeans at Martha Fraser's Hornet Bank station on the Dawson River, central Queensland. Local squatters with the help of the Native Police later shoot several Jiman men.

1860

A Board of Protection is established in Victoria and continues until 1957. During the next 20 years nearly 11 000 hectares of land are 'temporarily reserved'. By 1900, most Victorian Aborigines are placed on reserves.

1861

A party of settlers led by Horatio Spencer Wills, is attacked by Aborigines at the new Cullin-la-ringo station, near Emerald, Queensland. Wills and 18 Europeans are killed. Native Police deserters are said to be the ringleaders. A punitive party set out immediately and numerous Aborigines were slaughtered.

1867

1867-1868 the first Australian cricket team tours England. They are all Aboriginal.

1868

150 Aborigines are killed resisting arrest in the Kimberley.

1869

A settlement is established in Darwin.

Punitive expeditions are common in the north and north-west until the 1920’s Act for "Protection and Management of Aboriginal Natives" is passed in Victoria.

1874

The Maloga Mission is established as a refuge for the 9 000 surviving Aborigines in NSW.

1876

8 May Truganini dies in Hobart aged 73. The Tasmanian Government does not recognise the Aboriginal heritage of people of Aboriginal descent and claims the last Tasmanian Aboriginal person has died. This is a falsehood that many still believe today.

1870

In the early 1870s the first Aboriginal children are enrolled in the public schools in NSW. By 1880 there are 200 Aboriginal children in school in NSW.

1877

The Hermansburg Mission in established on the Finke River, Northern Territory by the Evangelical Lutheran Church of Australia and the Hermannsburg Mission Society of North Germany.

1880

South Australia introduces a Protection Policy.

1881

A Protector of Aborigines is appointed in NSW. The Protector has the power to create reserves and to force Aboriginal people to live on them.

The Minister for Education establishes separate schools for excluded Aboriginal children. The Protector attempts to provide reserves with a building where a school can be run by the Department of Education. Where this is not possible, Aboriginal children can attend the local public schools providing they are "habitually clean, decently clad and that they conduct themselves with propriety, both in and out of school".

1883

The Aboriginal Protection Board is established in NSW. Aborigines at Maloga Mission on the Murray River are moved to Cumeroogunga. By the end of the 1880s several reserves have been established in NSW. Reserves are set up far enough away from towns so that contact with Europeans is limited. Segregation is a key part of Aboriginal Protection Policy.

White parents object to about 16 Aboriginal children attending a public school at Yass, NSW. The Minister for Education stops the children from attending school stating, in general that although creed or colour should not exclude a child "cases may arise, especially amongst the Aboriginal tribes, where the admission of a child or children may be prejudicial to the whole school".

1886

Western Australian Aborigines Protection Act provided for a Protection Board.

The Victorian Aborigines Protection Act excludes "half castes" from their definition of an Aboriginal person. As a result nearly half the residents of the stations have to leave their homes.

1889

The Constitution of Western Australia was amended to include Section 70, which prescribed that one per cent of the gross revenue was to be "appropriated to the welfare of the Aboriginal natives."

1890

Jandamarra, an Aboriginal resistance fighter, declares war on European invaders in the West Kimberley and prevents settlement for six years.

In the 1890s Western Australia gives increased law enforcement powers to its justices of the peace who can sentence Aborigines to three years jail or 24 lashes for offences such as sheep stealing.

1897

The Queensland Aboriginals' Protection and Restriction of Sale of Opium Act established reserves and provides for the appointment of protectors. This Act with some amendments in 1901 and 1934 remains the chief statement of Queensland Policy until 1939 when a new Act is passed.

Jandamarra, Kimberley's resistance fighter is shot and 19 former Aboriginal prisoners, who he had freed and were fighting with him, are also shot and killed.